| Herbert Ryle[1] | |
|---|---|
Rt Revd Dr H.E. Ryle in Vanity Fair 1912 |
|
| Religion | Church of England |
| Personal | |
| Born | 1856 South Kensington, London |
| Died | 1925 Westminster, London |
| Senior posting | |
| Based in | England |
| Title | Dean of Westminster |
| Period in office | 1901-1925 |
| Predecessor | Armitage Robinson |
| Successor | William Foxley Norris |
| Religious career | |
| Ordination | 1883 |
| Previous post | Bishop of Exeter, Bishop of Winchester |
Herbert Edward Ryle KCVO DD (25 May 1856 – 20 August 1925), was an author, Old Testament scholar, and the Dean of Westminster.
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Dr Ryle was born in Onslow Square, South Kensington, London, on 25 May 1856, the second son of John Charles Ryle (1816–1900), the first Bishop of Liverpool, and his second wife, Jessie Elizabeth Walker. Herbert Ryle was three years old when his mother died, and in 1861 his father married Henrietta Clowes, who was a loving mother to her stepchildren. Ryle and his brothers and sisters were brought up in their father's country parishes in Suffolk, first at Helmingham and after 1861 at Stradbroke.[2]
After attending school at Hill House, in Wadhurst, Sussex, Ryle went to Eton College in 1868. In 1875 he won the Newcastle scholarship, and in the same year he proceeded to King's College, Cambridge as a classical scholar.[3] A football accident in 1877 prevented him from further involvement in athletics and he took an Aegrotat degree in 1879. Between 1879 and 1881, however, he won every distinction open at Cambridge to students of theology, including a first class in the theological tripos.
Ryle was elected a Fellow of King's College, Cambridge, in April 1881, and began a career of twenty years as a teacher. He was ordained deacon in 1882 and priest in 1883. On 15 August 1883 he married Nea Hewish Adams. They had three sons, the eldest of whom died at birth. The youngest, aged only eight, died in 1897.[4]
From September to March 1888 Ryle was Principal of St David's College, Lampeter, from when until 1901 he taught at the University of Cambridge as Hulsean Professor of Divinity. During these years Ryle published a number of books connected with his academic interests, including The Early Narratives of Genesis (1892), The Canon of the Old Testament (1892), and Philo and Holy Scripture (1895). After his election as President of Queens' College, Cambridge in 1896 Ryle found little time for writing. He was, however, responsible for the edition of Genesis in the Cambridge Bible (1914), when he was Dean of Westminster.[2]
In December 1900 Ryle was appointed Bishop of Exeter, being consecrated at Westminster Abbey in January 1901. He became Bishop of Winchester in the spring of 1903. He was appointed Honorary Chaplain to Queen Victoria in 1896 and Chairman of the Commission sent to Sweden in 1909 by the Archbishop of Canterbury to investigate the possibility of closer relations between the English and Swedish churches.[4]
In December 1910 Ryle was appointed Dean of Westminster. He was installed in Westminster Abbey in April 1911, at a time when the building was being prepared for the coronation of King George V. He was created CVO in 1911. Under his guidance and with the help of his advisers, the dignity of the Abbey services was notably increased, and his work was commemorated by the Dean Ryle Fund, a sum of £170,000 raised for the maintenance of the Abbey in response to an appeal issued by him in 1920. During World War I Ryle used to take the midday service of intercession personally, and he was responsible for the many special services held in wartime.[4]
The idea of a Tomb of The Unknown Warrior was first conceived in 1916 by the Reverend David Railton, who, while serving as an army chaplain on the Western Front, had seen a grave marked by a rough cross, which bore the pencil-written legend 'An Unknown British Soldier'. He wrote to Dean Ryle in 1920 proposing that an unidentified British soldier from the battlefields in France be buried with due ceremony in Westminster Abbey "amongst the kings" to represent the many hundreds of thousands of Empire dead. The idea was strongly supported by Ryle and the then Prime Minister Lloyd George. There was initial opposition from King George V (who feared that such a ceremony would reopen the wounds of a recently concluded war) and others but a surge of emotional support from the great number of bereaved families ensured its adoption. The inscription on the tomb was composed by Ryle.[5]
Ryle was created KCVO in 1921. He had never been strong and had a history of heart trouble. In the autumn of 1924 his health broke down. After five months in a nursing home at Bournemouth he returned in May 1925 to the Deanery, where he died on 20 August. He was buried on 25 August in Westminster Abbey in a spot close to the tomb of The Unknown Warrior. His wife survived him.
Dean Ryle Street in Westminster is named after him.[6]
| Honorary titles | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by Francis Jayne |
Principal of St David's College 1886–1886 |
Succeeded by Charles Gresford Edmondes |
| Academic offices | ||
| Preceded by William Campion |
President of Queens' College, Cambridge 1896–1901 |
Succeeded by Frederic Chase |
| Church of England titles | ||
| Preceded by Edward Bickersteth |
Bishop of Exeter 1900–1903 |
Succeeded by Archibald Robertson |
| Preceded by Randall Davidson |
Bishop of Winchester 1903–1911 |
Succeeded by Edward Talbot |
| Preceded by Armitage Robinson |
Dean of Westminster 1911–1925 |
Succeeded by William Foxley Norris |
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